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October 04 2011
Improving the Health of the Homeless—That’s the Gooooooooaaaaaallll!
A small study has found that homeless men in Copenhagen, Denmark, who took part in 2-3 soccer games per week for three months showed significant improvements in measures of physical health afterward compared with those who continued their normal routines. While the results aren’t exactly surprising, given the known benefits of the kind of intense physical exercise involved in soccer, they provide some hard evidence that sport can have concrete benefits for the homeless. Part of the motivation for the study was the success of the Homeless World Cup, an annual soccer tournament started eight years ago that has involved 100,000 people and participants from 64 countries around the world, according to the organization (in case you were wondering, Scotland won this year’s tourney). Men who played “street football” for 12 weeks had decreased body weight and levels of LDL cholesterol, the “bad” cholesterol. The study also found the men who played soccer had an 11 percent increase in peak oxygen uptake, a good measure of overall fitness closely linked with the risk of heart disease.
The results are encouraging since playing four-on-four soccer can be rather easily done even in poor areas—all you need are eight people, a ball, and rudimentary nets or goal markers—and the benefits are likely to extend to mental health and improved friendships/positive relationships with others. They are limited, however, by the lack of a randomized control group: the 10 men who continued their regular routines chose to do so (due to ethical concerns, the homeless shelter declined a randomized trial). It would also be interesting to set up a control group in which participants engaged in a activity that wasn’t physically demanding but did involve socializing and competition—like a board game, perhaps. This could help quantify the benefits of the various positive activities involved in soccer, although it’s understandable that a study involving such a thorny problem like homelessness would want to keep things simple.
Homeless men fit with pedometers in the control group weren’t exactly inactive, taking 10,000 steps per day on average. But this walking didn’t involve the type of intense activity seen in the soccer players, and none of the health markers studied in this group improved. Men were recruited at homeless shelters and unemployment officers in Copenhagen, and 75 percent of them attended games (a relatively high number, researchers say). The study is a reminder of some of the enormous problems facing the homeless: 70 percent of the men surveyed regularly smoked marijuana and tobacco, and 65 percent were former or continuing drug addicts (not including cannabis). But involvement in a sport like soccer could—and has—helped some taken first steps to improving their lives.
Reference: Randers MB, Petersen J, Andersen LJ, Krustrup BR, Hornstrup T, Nielsen JJ, Nordentoft M, Krustrup P. Short-term street soccer improves fitness and cardiovascular health status of homeless men. Europen Journal of Applied Physiology. 2011 Sep 29. Link.
Image: pobre.ch / Flickr
September 30 2011
Dizzy Discus Throwers, Horny Beer-Bottle Beetles, and the Wasabi Alarm Clock: the 2011 Ig Nobels
Those classy folks at the Annals of Improbable Research are at it again. Last night, they announced the 2011 winners of some of the most coveted awards in science: the Ig Nobels.
You should watch last night’s ceremony in its entirety, but here are (drumroll) the winners:
- First off, in Physiology…from the Cold-Blooded Cognition Lab at the University of Vienna, Anna Wilkinson, Natalie Sebanz, Isabella Mandle, and Ludwig Huber for their paper No Evidence of Contagious Yawning in the Red-Footed Tortoise, published this year in Current Zoology. As it turns out, if one tortoise is yawning, its buddies won’t join in. Not even if you show them movies of yawning tortoises.
- In Chemistry…Makoto Imai, Naoki Urushihata, Hideki Tanemura, Yukinobu Tajima, Hideaki Goto, Koichiro Mizoguchi and Junichi Murakami for determining what concentration of airborne wasabi can awaken sleeping people in case of emergency. They are the inventors of the wasabi alarm, described in US patent application 2010/0308995 A1.
- In Medicine…Mirjam Tuk, Debra Trampe and Luk Warlop, and Matthew Lewis, Peter Snyder and Robert Feldman, Robert Pietrzak, David Darby, and Paul Maruff for illuminating how an intense need to pee can affect your decision-making capabilities in their papers Inhibitory Spillover: Increased Urination Urgency Facilitates Impulse Control in Unrelated Domains and The Effect of Acute Increase in Urge to Void on Cognitive Function in Healthy Adults.
- In Psychology…Karl Halvor Teigen for his work in contemplation of the human sigh and its purpose in his paper “Is a Sigh ‘Just a Sigh’? Sighs as Emotional Signals and Responses to a Difficult Task.”
- In Literature…John Perry for his Theory of Structured Procrastination, summed up by the Ignobel site as: “To be a high achiever, always work on something important, using it as a way to avoid doing something that’s even more important.” See more in his article How to Procrastinate and Still Get Things Done.
- In Biology…Darryl Gwynne and David Rentz for their work observing that a certain species of beetle will attempt to mate with a specific variety of Australian beer bottles, called “stubbies.” See Beetles on the Bottle: Male Buprestids Mistake Stubbies for Females (Coleoptera) for more.
- In Physics…Philippe Perrin, Cyril Perrot, Dominique Deviterne, Bruno Ragaru, and Herman Kingma for elucidating the cause of dizziness in discus throwers in their paper Dizziness in Discus Throwers is Related to Motion Sickness Generated While Spinning.
- In Mathematics…summed up best by the Ignobel site: “Dorothy Martin of the USA (who predicted the world would end in 1954), Pat Robertson of the USA (who predicted the world would end in 1982), Elizabeth Clare Prophet of the USA (who predicted the world would end in 1990), Lee Jang Rim of KOREA (who predicted the world would end in 1992), Credonia Mwerinde of UGANDA (who predicted the world would end in 1999), and Harold Camping of the USA (who predicted the world would end on September 6, 1994 and later predicted that the world will end on October 21, 2011), for teaching the world to be careful when making mathematical assumptions and calculations.”
- The Peace Prize…Arturas Zuokos, mayor of Vilnius, Lithuania, for his well-publicized solution for dealing with illegally parked Mercedes. In his words: “It seems that a tank is the best solution.”
- The Public Safety Prize…John Senders for his series of groundbreaking 1967 safety experiments in which a person driving at high speed is repeatedly blinded by a visor flipping down over his face. And it’s all here on video.
Congratulations to the winners! We hope you’ll enjoy your Periodic Table table trophies. Our own experiments with half-drunk cups of coffee and the native fauna of magazine offices were not enough to garner nomination this time around, but we’ll just try harder.
September 23 2011
After One Colon-Embedded Bread Clip Too Many, Doctors Provide Design Analysis, Call for Reform

If you swallowed pony beads when you were a kid, you are not alone. So many teeny plastic dooboppies are just crying out to be ingested…and frankly, doctors are tired of all those irresponsible designs. After finding a bread clip in the colon of a patient, several docs have outlined the clips’ “evolutionary heritage” and “species” classification in a new article in BMJ Case Reports, in hopes of prompting someone, anyone, to make one that isn’t the perfect shape for lodging in the digestive nether regions.
The researchers, drawing on several members’ longstanding membership in the illustrious Holotypic Occlupanid Research Group, have given each type of bread clip a handy-dandy Latin name. The bread clip genus (?) is Occlupanidae, presumably for its occluding capabilities, while the species names refer to the relative toothiness—one-toothed, two-toothed, etc.—of the types. They also provide a detailed phylogenetic chart showing the evolution from the smooth proto-bread clip to the many-tined versions adorning our bags today.

Twenty case reports of ingested bread clips exist in the literature, they note; surely this detailed description can help elucidate which types pose the greatest threat and inform subsequent public health response. That’s not the largest sample size in the world, but they get points for creativity.
Although omnipresent in the United States, bread clips are apparently not everywhere: On the HORG site, one correspondent notes that in Edinburgh, bread bags appear to be closed with bits of tape. And far from sharing the HORGers’ chagrin that Occlupanidae are not there represented, we see an opportunity for further scientific work. Viscosidae, anyone?
[via Geekologie]
September 14 2011
WiFi Giving You a Rash? Move to West Virginia.

Green Bank, WV: Home to a giant telescope and a bunch of people who think they’re allergic to electromagnetic waves.
There’s a quiet, hilly place in West Virginia that’s home to the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, as well as radio arrays belonging to Navy intelligence and, purportedly, the NSA. And in one of those weird geographic quirks that you just can’t make up, the isolated area has also attracted a band of people who are convinced that radiation from WiFi and cell phone signals, forbidden there so as not to interfere with the arrays, is giving them rashes, splitting headaches, and chronic pain that make life in the outside world unlivable. It’s there, in the National Radio Quiet Zone, that these folks can find relief.
You might think of them as the WiFi refugees.
A whopping five percent of Americans believe they’ve got something called electromagnetic hypersensitivity—aka, a physical reaction to electromagnetic radiation from common devices like TV, phones, and routers. For most of us, that kind of thing falls squarely in “look at my tinfoil hat!” territory, and experiments don’t support the the theory. But some of the folks’ symptoms, if not the perceived cause, are at least real, according to the World Health Organization factsheet on the condition. The tiny town of Green Bank, West Virginia, is home to several sufferers whom the BBC recently interviewed in a video. Their stories are heartfelt, but pretty darn strange. One of them explains tearfully that her move to the radio quiet zone means that she no longer has to live in a giant metal Faraday cage. Whoa.
What with the NSA, the astronomers, and the WiFi refugees, community dinners in the quiet zone must be something else. But as Sweden is currently the only country that recognizes electromagnetic hypersensitivity as a real syndrome, West Virginia is just about the only convenient place for that five percent to camp out.
Image courtesy of b3nscott / flickr
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